A Victim lost
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Labbaf, Ali, |
مظلوم السقيفة باللّغة الانجليزية
Revised Edition with Comprehensive Additions
A VICTIM LOST IN SAQIFAH
Author: Ali Labbaf
With an introduction by Sayyid Muhammad Dhiyabaadi
Translator: Dr. Hasan Najafi
Publisher: Ansariyan Publications
First Edition: 2008 -1429 - 1387
Neqeen Press
Quantity: 2000
No. of pages: 576
Size: 162 x 229 mm
ISBN: 978-964-438-976-8
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AND RECORDED FOR THE PUBLISHER
ANSARIYAN PUBLICATIONS
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22, Shohada Str. – Qum
Islamic Republic of Iran
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www.ansariyan.org & www.ansariyan.net
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FUNDAMENTALS OF EVALUATION AND CRITICISM OF WRITINGS ON ISLAMIC UNITY
NECESSITY OF THOUGHT FOR ISLAMIC UNITY
VALUABLE STANDARDS OF WORKSHEET OF THE THOUGHT OF ISLAMIC UNITY
FAMILIARITY WITH WRITINGS ON THOUGHTS OF ISLAMIC UNITY
AWARENESS OF BASICS OF INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT – RESEARCH TOWARDS CREATING ISLAMIC UNITY
KEEPING QUIET AND PROHIBITING DIFFERENCE-CREATING ACTIVITIES
Criticism and Analysis
Invitation to Silence as Open-mindedness
Invitation to Keep Quiet as Mark of Sympathy
Invitation to Keep Quiet for Confidentiality
32
41
43
44
ADOPT COMMON THINGS AND IGNORE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISLAMIC SECTS
Criticism and Analysis
45
TO MAKE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO SCHOOLS SO LIGHT AS TO APPEAR DEPTHLESS
Criticism and Analysis
51
Criticism and Analysis
Conclusion
Conclusion
Reminder
58
61
63
64
Second Wrong Result
Third Wrong Result
Fourth Wrong Result
1 – This Difference must be acknowledged:
2 – This Difference in Religion is neither rejected nor blamed:
3 – This Difference is desirable and useful:
4 – This Difference is not Harmful, it solves difficulty:
5 – This Difference is Good – there is nothing wrong in it:
66
67
69
69
69
69
70
70
EXCUSING THOSE WHO TURN AWAY FROM IMAMATE AND SCHOOL OF AHLE BAYT (A.S.)
Criticism and Analysis
Another Criticism and Analysis
77
86
ALTERATIONS IN BELIEFS OF SHIA JA’FARI TWELVE IMAMITE FAITH
IMAMATE AND RULERSHIP
INTRODUCTION
89
THREE TYPES OF SEPARATIONS BETWEEN IMAMATE AND RULERSHIP
GUARDIANSHIP AND IMAMATE IS INSEPARABLE FROM APPARENT CALIPHATE
TO SHOW RULERSHIP OF LESS VALUE THAN IMAMATE
Criticism and Analysis
115
REMOVING IMAMATE FROM PRINCIPLES OF FAITH AND MAKING IT A FUNDAMENTAL OF SCHOOL
Criticism and Analysis
120
AIM OF ESCHEWING SHIA TEACHINGS
A question that arises in the mind is that:
Closing Reminder
124
127
DEVIATION IN THE MEANING OF DIVINELY-GRANTED CALIPHATE OF ALI
Criticism and Analysis
130
Caliphate is not a Monopoly of Amirul Momineen (a.s.)!
Second Wrong Result
Caliph cannot be Exclusively Ali after the Prophet
Third Wrong Result
Usurpation of Ali’s Caliphate is no more in Question!
Fourth Wrong Result
Caliphate of Caliphs is not illegitimate!
Warning:
Propagation of these Conjectures in the Name of Open-mindedness
Relation of Imamate and Caliphate from Shia Viewpoint
The wrong framing of the issue
135
135
135
136
136
136
136
137
137
137
137
137
DENIAL OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALI AND CALIPHS
Criticism and Analysis
What History says?
The Result
Reminder
148
150
153
153
Criticism and Scrutiny
157
TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE LEGITIMACY OF CALIPHS’ GOVERNMENT
Scrutiny and Criticism
Unanswered Questions
161
164
SOLUTION OF SHIA TO CREATE ISLAMIC UNITY
REFLECTION ON SHIA IDEAL OF ISLAMIC UNITY IN THE ZAHRA’S SPEECH
DISCOURSE ONE
CRITICISM AND INVESTIGATION ABOUT PROPAGANDA OF SILENCE OF AMIRUL MOMINEEN
Conjectures that claim ‘Letting go of Caliphate linked with consent’
Conjectures that claim ‘Detachment of Amirul Momineen (a.s.) from Caliphate and overlooking it, after six months of Abu Bakr’ Caliphate’
Conjectures that claim ‘Absence of plan of right of Caliphate and not proving the School of Imamate’
Did Amirul Momineen (a.s.) Leave Caliphate and Overlook his Rights?
Correct Analysis about Ali’s reaction to Usurpation of Caliphate
Conclusion
175
175
176
177
178
183
Amirul Momineen (a.s.) and Declaration of Illegitimacy of Caliphate
Final Judgment on Silence of Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
To what extent Ali Believed in Preserving Silence?
Did Ali Refrain from Arguing about Imamate?
189
190
195
196
CRITICISM AND SCRUTINY OF ANALYSES PROPAGATED ABOUT CONSULTATION OF CALIPHS WITH ALI
Does Consultation Alone Suffices to Prove Good Relations?
Analysis of Consultation of Caliphs with Amirul Momineen (a.s.) on the basis of Statistical Scrutiny
Chart of Consultations of Three Caliphs with Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
216
218
218
Items of consultation of Umar with Imam Ali (a.s.)
Did the Second Caliph always consult Ali? Did he always accept his view?
Instances of Uthman consulting Amirul Momineen Ali (a.s.)
Results of Statistical Analysis
Final Analysis about Caliphs’ Consultation with Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
Theological Reminder
Differences between the Aims of Caliphs and Ali Regarding Consultations
227
228
229
231
232
239
239
CRITICISM AND SCRUTINY OF ANALYSES PUBLICIZED REGARDING ALI’S COOPERATION WITH CALIPHS’ GOVERNMENT
What do Historical Documents and Sources Indicate?
Conclusion
244
247
Surrendering Responsibility to Ali in Some Particular Items
254
Conclusion
Conjecture mentioned in Haft Aasmaan Magazine – A Reply to it
263
264
Criticism and Analysis
271
Forced Participations of Amirul Momineen Ali (a.s.) in Caliphs’ Government
278
Result drawn from contemplating on these headings:
284
Relations of the First Caliph with the Family of Revelation (a.s.)
Historical Reminder
291
296
A glance at historical documents
Conclusion
302
308
The prosperity in the next world for Umar by means of this marriage
Immunity of Second Caliph about crimes committed against Ahle Bayt (a.s.)
Suggestion of Umar having gained the satisfaction of Ahle Bayt particularly that of Hazrat Zahra (s.a.)
Baraat, a principle of Shia belief now is put under question
Enmity and rancor of Umar towards Ali is covered
To show relations between Ali and Umar to be friendly
Giving legitimacy to Umar’s Caliphate and distancing it from term of usurpation
Can only marriage with bin Hashim be a proof of friendship?
Criticism and Investigation
View of the first category of Shia scholars
Why this rumor gained currency?
Outlook of second category of Shia scholars
Opinion of Ustad Sayyid Ali Husaini Milani
How many daughters did Ali have named Umme Kulthum?
Outlook of Ayatullah Marashi Najafi
Another Analysis about the Marriage of Umme Kulthum with Umar
Relations of the Third Caliph with the House of Divine Revelation
A glance at historical documents
312
312
312
313
313
313
313
314
314
315
317
319
323
328
329
329
331
331
Why Ali named his sons after Caliphs?
Name of Muawiyah in use
Name of Yazid in use
Another outlook about these namings
Are narrations attributed to Ali about his praise of Caliphs correct?
Narrations in Sunni books
Narrations mentioned in Nahjul Balagha and Al-Gharaat
The Researcher Shushtari’s outlook
Had Ali accepted the legitimacy of Caliphs’ Government?
The text of the Imam’s letter to Muawiyah copied from Waqatus Siffeen
Conclusion
338
339
339
342
342
342
344
347
353
355
357
ZAHRA’S MARTYRDOM IS NOT FICTION
MOTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH
CLAIM OF RIGHTEOUS CALIPHATE IS UNTRUE
PIETY AND SIMPLICITY SCRUTINIZED
Political Piety
Piety or Public Deception
Hypocritical Piety
Personal use of Public Funds
Clandestine Luxury
Support to Royal life and Hoarding Wealth
1 – Support to Muawiyah
2 – Support to Tameem
3 – Support to Zaid bin Thabit
4 – Support to Qunfudh
Properties of Staff Members
Selection of officers
Selection of Mughaira bin Shoba
Selection of Khalid bin Waleed
Selection of Amr bin Aas
Piety without a Holy war
Pleasant Food
Rivalry to piety of Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
388
389
390
395
399
401
401
403
403
404
404
406
406
407
407
408
409
410
SCRUTINY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE
Love for the People
Social Classes
Policy of Racial Discrimination
1 – Prohibition for non-Arabs to enter Medina
2 – Retaliation of Arab through non-Arab prohibited
3 – Prohibition to Speak in Language other than Arabic
4 – Objection against Rulership of Nobles over Quraish
5 – Restriction for Non-Arabs to marry Arab ladies
6 – Minimum possible allowance for non-Arabs from public treasury
7 – Distinction between an Arab living in a town and an Arab living in deserts
Racial discrimination Resulted in Advantage to Arabs
Cause of Rulers’ Greatness in view of Arabs
Influence of Greatness of Rulers over Ali’s Government
414
415
420
423
423
424
424
424
424
425
427
428
429
SCRUTINY OF JUDICIAL JUSTICE
1 – Two ways of dealing – with Zahra and Jabir bin Abdullah Ansaari
2 – Double Standard Treatment between Son of Amr Aas and Ubadah bin Samit
3 – Different Treatment between the Son of Amr Aas and Mughaira bin Shoba
Ignoring Calls of Oppressed
433
435
436
437
ANALYSIS OF THE RIGHTS OF LEGAL OPPONENTS
Iron-handed policy
Stamp of Apostasy
Examples of Caliphate facing its legal opponents
Malik bin Nuwairah
Two Reminders
Saad bin Ubadah
Umme Farwa
Fujayat al-Salma was burnt
439
441
457
457
459
462
464
464
ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL LIBERTIES
Dealing with Zaid bin Muawiyah Qashari
Behavior with Nasr bin Hajjaj
Sacrifices of Limitations
Ibn Abbas
Roughness and Extremism
466
473
474
474
477
ZAHRA’S SPEECH DESCRIBES THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS AFTER USURPATION OF CALIPHATE AND IDENTIFIES THE ILLS IN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
SECTION ONE
ALLEGIANCE OF AMIRUL MOMINEEN TO CALIPHS
ABSENCE OF ALI’S APPROVAL TO ABU BAKR’S CALIPHATE
Conclusion
What is the Meaning of Silence?
What is the Meaning of Allegiance?
Comparison of silence to Bay’at
Conditions of achieving Bay’at
491
492
493
495
496
EFFORTS TO OBTAIN IMAM ALI’S (A.S.) BAY’AT AFTER THE PROPHET’S DEMISE
A Look at Historical Proofs and Documents in Sunni Sources
Conclusion
Where did the efforts of Emigrants for taking forced Bay’at from Ali end?
How Sunnis narrate this event?
Conclusion of the Eight Documents
Remark
ِttack on Zahra’s house and efforts for taking Bay’at from Ali (a.s.)
Final Conclusion
Abu Bakr’s Caliphate was always shown by Ali as not rightful.
500
504
505
509
510
511
512
513
513
LACK OF PUBLIC SATISFACTION FROM ABU BAKR’S CALIPHATE
Another look at Historical Documents about Public Allegiance to Abu Bakr
515
EFFORTS TO PROVE THE BAY’AT WAS OF FREE CHOICE AFTER ZAHRA’S MARTYRDOM
Cause of Zahra’s wrath against Abu Bakr
Motive of Sunnis in proving the occurrence of this Bay’at?
In how many ways Sunnis narrate this incident?
Criticism of Three Standards in Narrations of Sunni Sources Concerning willing Bay’at
Scrutiny into allegation of becoming Murtad of some Arabs
Allegation of Sunni Sect concerning the Bay’at having had taken place because of Murtads cannot be considered reliable
Investigation on reliability of this narration
Investigation of correctness and occurrence of the Battle of Abraq and events following it
Result
Analysis of proof of this narration
Continuation of scrutiny about authenticity of Abraq battle and events following it
Result
Another look at the case of Apostasy of Arabs
Conclusion
Three main outcomes of scrutiny of the issue of Apostasy of Arabs
On the margins of analysis of issue of apostasy of Arabs
Last Reminder
Scrutiny into narrations regarding the letter of Ali
Remark about Al-Gharaat
Common points in Narrations of Ibne Qutaibah and Thaqafi
A glance at the incident mentioned in this letter
Outcome
Investigation of credibility of sources mentioned in this letter
Evidences that show deviation in Al-Gharaat
The signs of interpolation in Evidence 1
Signs of forgery in Evidence 2
Results of the investigation of above evidences
A look towards inadvertency of Balazari to the contents of the letter of Ali
Three prime results of scrutiny of Ali’s letter
On the margin of scrutiny of the letter of Amirul Momineen (a.s.)
Scrutiny of Narrations about the secret meeting of Ali with Abu Bakr
Excuse for compromise with Abu Bakr!
Testimony to the superiority of Abu Bakr!
Caliphate was a bounty that God gave to Abu Bakr!
Accepting that inheritance of Prophet was Sadaqah!
The Prophet preferred Abu Bakr to others!
Deviated Consequences of Forged Narrations
What does history say?
Final conclusion about Bay’at by choice as Sunnis claim
520
521
523
523
523
524
524
526
528
528
528
531
531
533
534
534
536
536
537
537
538
538
539
540
540
541
543
543
545
547
547
548
549
549
549
549
549
551
553
INFLUENCE OF DEVIATION ON SHIA BELIEF OF IMAMATE
IMAMATE AND CALIPHATE FROM SUNNI VIEWPOINT
SUNNI-INCLINED INTERPRETATIONS OF IMAMATE AND WILAYAT
Reminder
575
CAUTION OF WILAYAT AND WARNING OF HAZRAT ZAHRA (S.A.) ABOUT THE BEGINNING OF DEVIATION IN BELIEF OF IMAMATE
