61. Rabāh Ibn 'Ubayda

al-Hamadāni. Shakh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1]

62. Rabi'a Ibn Abi 'Abd al-Rahmān

He narrated on the authority of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him. Al-Fudayl b. 'Uthmān reported on his authority.[2]

63. Rabi'a Ibn 'Uthmān

He was the teacher of Abi Hanifa. Shakh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3] Ibn Hajar said: "Rabi'a Ibn 'Uthmān b. 'Abd Allah b. al-Hadir al-Tamimi Abū 'Uthmān al-Medani narrated on the authority of Sahl b. Sa'd, Zayd b. Aslam, 'Ābir b. 'Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr, and others." Abū Hātam said: "His traditions are denied; he wrote his traditions." Al-Nisā'i said: "There is no harm in (his traditions)." Al-Wāqidi said: "He died in the year 154 A. H. He was then 77 years old."[4]

64. Razin Ibn 'Ubayd

al-Salūli al-Kūfi. Shakh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām al-Sajjād, peace be on him.[5]

65. Rashid al-Hajjri

He was a Muslim hero, great struggler, and brilliant summoner to Islam. He firmly defended his beliefs. He devoted himself to Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, and was sincere

[1] Ibid.
[2] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith, vol. 7, p. 179.
[3] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[4] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 3, p. 259.
[5] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.

to him, hence the Imām took care of him and love him because of his abundant faith and reason. He told him that he would be oppressed and persecuted by the tyrannical governor, 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyād. He said to him: "Will you be patient when 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyād sends for you to cut off your hands, your legs, and your tongue?"

Rashid was very pleased to receive the news, hence he asked the Imām: "O Commander of the faithful, will the Garden be the outcome of this act?" "O Rashid, you are with me in this world and the next![1]"

Imām 'Ali taught him many sciences. He told him that the Umayyads would persecute and corrupt the community. The historians said: "Imām 'Ali dictated to him the science of misfortunes and deaths.[2] One day he took some of his companions and went out to al-Barni's garden. Rashid was among them. Al-Barni ordered some dates to be picked and offered to the Imām. Rashid admired those good dates. The Imām told him that he would be crucified on the trunk of the date-palm. Hence Rashid took care of the date-palm; he watered it from morning till evening. When its fronds were cut off, he was sure that his death was close at hand.[3]" When Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, was martyred, Rashid devoted himself to Imām al-Husayn, peace be on him. After the tragedy of Karbalā', he dedicated himself to Imām 'Ali b. al-Husayn, peace be on him.[4]

Rashid joined the Eternal Life

Having killed the grandson of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his Household, 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyād decided to destroy the followers of Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him. He was told about the important position of Rashid

[1] Al-Kashi, Rijāl.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.

with the members of the House (ahl al-Bayt) , peace be on them. Hence he ordered him to be brought before him. When 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyād saw Rashid, he shouted at him: "Renounce 'Ali!"

"I will not renounce him!" insisted Rashid.

"What did your master tell you?" asked Ubayd Allah b. Ziyād.

"He told me that you would summon me to renounce him, and I would not renounce him, that you would send for me and cut off my hands, my legs, and my tongue," replied Rashid.

'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyād burst into anger when he said before his policemen: "By Allah, I will refute his (Imām 'Ali's) words concerning you!"

Then he ordered Rashid to be tied to the trunk which the Imām foretold. Rashid was tied to it, his hands and his legs were amputated, but his tongue was not cut off. His daughter hurried to take his limbs to bury them; she seized the opportunity and asked him: "Father, are your limbs aching?" He answered her, paying no attention to his pain: "No, they are not!" The people gathered around him looking at him. Though he was bleeding, he addressed them, saying: "Bring sheets and pens, that I may dedicate to you that which will occur until the Day of Resurrection." He told the people about the tyranny and persecution which the Umayyads would practice against them. The secret agents went quickly to 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyād and said to him: "What have you done? You have cut off his hands and his legs, yet he is telling the people about the great events which will occur!"

Hence 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyād, the tyrannical governor, commanded them to cut off Rashid's tongue and to crucify him on the same trunk of the date-palm, and they did this.[1] In this manner the life

[1] Al-Kashi, Rijāl.

of this great reformer come to an end at the hand of the worst person on the earth. He was martyred, but he raised up the banner of jihād and social reform against oppression and tyranny.

66. Ziyād Ibn Sawqa

al-Jariri al-Kūfi. He was among the retainers. Shakh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1] Al-Barqi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Abi Ja'far al-Bāqir, peace be on him.[2] He has been mentioned in the chain of authorities of about nineteen narrations.[3]

67. Zayd Ibn Aslam

al-'Adawi, al-Medani, the retainer of 'Umar b. al-Khattāb. Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, sat with him many times.[4] He was among the well-known jurists. Mālik b. 'Ajjlān said: "I never respected anyone as I respected Zayd Ibn Aslam." Ibn Sa'd said: "He (Zayd Ibn Aslam) narrated many traditions. He had died before Mohammed b. 'Abd Allah b. al-Hasan revolted."[5]

68. Zayd Ibn al-Hasan

b. Imām 'Ali b. Abi Tālib, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him. Shakh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[6] Ibn Hayyān mentioned that Zayd Ibn al-Hasan was among the reliable traditionalists and one of the leading members of the Hashimites, that he was in charge of the (proportion of ) taxes (sadaqāt) given to the Messenger of Allah, may

[1] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[2] Al-Barqi, Rijāl.
[3] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith, vol. 7, p. 309.
[4] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl
[5] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 3, pp. 395-397.
[6] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.

Allah bless him and his Household, in Medina. Concerning him 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz wrote to his governor in Medina: "Zayd Ibn al-Hasan is the leader (Sharif) of the Hāshimites and the oldest of them."[1] Shaykh al-Mufid said: "As for Zayd b. al-Hasan, he was noble in worth, generous in character, unusual in spirit and great in piety. The poets praised him and people came to him from far and wide to seek his favor.[2]" Anyhow, some fabricated narrations have tried to degrade his importance, saying: "Zayd b. al-Hasan opposed Imām al-Bāqir, peace be on him, and attempted to kill him in the time of 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwān." Imām al-Khū'i commented on this narration, saying: "The narration has no chain of narrators (mursala). None can believe it, for 'Abd al-Malik did not remain (living) until the time of the death of al-Bāqir, peace be on him. Surely, the narration is fabricated.[3]"

69. Zayd Ibn 'Ali

b. Imām al-Husayn, peace be on him. Shakh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[4] He was great in knowledge and piety. Shaykh al-Mufid said: "Zayd Ibn 'Ali b. al-Husayn, peace be on him, was the outstanding brother after Abū Ja'far, peace be on him, and the one with the most merit. He was a devout worshipper, pious, a jurist, Allah-fearing and brave. He came out in revolt with the sword to enjoin the good and forbid the evil and to demand vengeance for al-Husayn, peace be on him."[5]

[1] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 3, pp. 406.
[2] Al-Mufid, al-Irshād.
[3] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith, vol. 7, p. 341.
[4] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[5] Al-Mufid, al-Irshād.

In our book 'Hayāt al-Imām al-Bāqir', peace be on him, we have spoken about Zayd's behavior, morals, knowledge, and martyrdom, hence there is no need to repeat these topics here.

70. Zayd al-A'mā

al-Basari. Shakh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1]

71. Sālim Ibn Abi al-Ju'd

al-Ashja'i, al-Kūfi. He was given the kunya of Abā Asmā'. Shakh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[2] Professor al-Khū'i regarded as trustworthy those famous members of Sālim's family and said: "He narrated on the authority of Imām ('Ali), the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, and al-A'mash reported on his (Sālim's) authority.[3]"

72. Sālim Ibn Abi Hafsa

He was the retainer of the children of 'Ijjl and was from Kūfa. He narrated on the authority of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, of Imām Abi Ja'far al-Bāqir, peace be on him, and of al-Sādiq, peace be on him. He had a book.[4] Concerning him al-Kashi reported an counts showing his deviation and straying. An example of what he narrated on the authority of Abi 'Ubayda al-Hadhdhā', who said: "I said to Abi Ja'far, peace be on him, that Sālim b. Abi Hafsa say to me: 'Have you not heard that he who dies and has no Imām dies the death of those who were before Islam?' I said to him: Yes. He asked me: 'Who is your Imām?' I replied: My Imāms are the Household of Mohammed, may Allah bless him and his Household. He said: By

[1] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith.
[4] Al-Najāshi.

Allah, I have never heard that you have known an Imām!" Imām Abū Ja'far interrupted (Abi 'Ubayda al-Hadhdhā'), saying:

"Woe unto Sālim! Does he know the position of the Imām? The position of the Imām is greater and better than what Sālim and all the people think.[1]" Sālim disappeared during the days of the Umayyad government; he stayed at his house because he was afraid of the terrorism of the Umayyads. When Abū al-'Abbās al-Saffāh became caliph, Sālim went out of Kūfa in the state of the ritual consecration saying: "Here I am at your service, O Breaker of the Umayyads, here I am at your service!" He continued saying these words until he made his camel kneel down in Holy Mecca. He died during the lifetime of Imām Ja'far al-Sādiq, peace be on him, in the year 138 A. H.[2]

73. Sālim

b. 'Abd Allah, the retainer of 'Umar. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3]

74. Sudayr Ibn al-Hakam

b. Suhayb al-Sayrafi, al-Kūfi. He was given the Kunya of Abā al-Fadl. He was among the retainers. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[4] He narrated on the authority of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, of Abi Ja'far, of Abi 'Abd Allah, peace be on them, and of Hakim b. Jubayr. Abū Tālib, Abū al-Wafā', his son Hanān, and others reported traditions on his authority.[5]

[1] Al-Kashi.
[2] Al-Najāshi.
[3] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith.

75. Al-Sari Ibn 'Abd Allah

b. al-Hārith b. al-'Abbās b. 'Abd al-Muttalib. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1]

76. Sa'd Ibn Hakim

Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[2]

77. Sa'd Ibn Abi Sa'id

al-Maqbari. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3]

78. Sa'd Ibn Tarif

al-Hanzali, al-Iskāfi, al-Kūfi. He was the retainer of the children of Tamim. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[4] Al-Najāshi said: "Sa'd narrated on the authority of al-Asbagh b. Nabbāta, Abi Ja'far, and Abi 'Abd Allah, peace be on them. He was a judge. He has a book (titled) 'the Treatise of Abi Ja'far'.[5]"

79. Sa'id Ibn Jubayr

Abū Mohammed, the master of the children of Wāliba. He lived in Mecca but was originally from Kūfa. He belonged to the leading members of the next generation. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one

[1] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Al-Najāshi.

of the companions of Imām al-Sajjād, peace be on him.[1] He was one of the eminent mujāhidin, those who straggled for Islam, and those who defended the rights of the weak and the deprived. We will briefly mention some of his affairs.

His Scientific Position

Sa'id was among the most prominent scholars of his time. He was called the Authority of Scholars (jahbadh al-'ulamā'). All those who were on the earth were in need of his knowledge.[2] Ibn Kuthayr said: "Sa'id was among the Imāms of Islam in the interpretation (of the Qur'ān), jurisprudence, various sciences, and many good deeds.[3]"

His Reverential Fear and Righteousness

Sa'id was among the Allah-fearing of his time. He always recited the Qur'ān. He would sit in the Holy Kaaba and would not leave it until he completed reciting the Qur'ān.[4] He feared Allah so much that he said: "The best fear is that which turns you away from disobeying Allah and urges you to obey Him-this is the useful fear."[5]

His Going out in Revolt

When 'Abd al-Rahmān b. al-Ash'ath went out in revolt against the government of al-Hajjājj, Sa'id and a group of the reciters (of the Qur'ān) thought that it was incumbent on them to support him and to go out in revolt with him to overthrow the government of the

[1] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[2] Ibn Shahrāshūb, al-Manāqib.
[3] Al-Bidāya wa al-Nihāya, vol. 9, p. 98.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Ibid.

tyrannical, criminal governor, al-Hajjājj b. Yousif al-Thaqafi, who violated all the things Allah prohibited, committed all crimes, whose oppression, tyranny, and corruption made the earth swing. When the revolt of 'Abd al-Rahmān b. al-Ash'ath came to nothing, Sa'd fled to Asfahān, yet he went to Mecca twice a year to perform the hajj and 'Umra. He sometimes entered Kūfa secretly, met the people and explained to them their religious and scientific affairs.[1]

His Martyrdom

The policemen arrested Sa'id b. Jubayr, who was a great thinker, and brought him to the tyrannical, criminal governor al-Hjjājj b. Yousif al-Thaqafi, who shouted at him, saying:

•      "Are you Shaqi b. Kusayr?"
•      "My mother knew my name better! She has called me Sa'id b. Jubayr."
•      "What's your opinion of Abi Bakr and 'Umar? Are they in the Garden or in the Fire?"
•      "If I enter the Garden and look at its people, I will recognize them, and if I enter the Fire and look at its people, I will recognize them!"
•      "What's your opinion of the Caliphs?"
•      "I have not been placed in charge of them!"
•      "Which one of them is the most lovable with you?"
•      "The most pleasing one to his Creator!"
•      "Which one of them is the most pleasing to the Creator?"
•      "He who knows their secret conversations knows this!"
•      "You have refused to tell me the truth!"
•      "I do not want to tell you lies!"

[1] Ibid.

 The tyrannical governor, al-Hajjājj, ordered a swordsman to behead Sa'id b. Jubayr, and he did. Sa'id's head fell on the ground and said three times : "There is no god but Allah."[1] In this manner the life of this great scholar came to an end. Sa'id b. Jubayr devoted his life to spreading knowledge and virtue among the people. He was the pioneer of the Muslims, hence they were bereft of him. 'Umar b. Maymūn said: "When my father heard of Sa'id b. Jubayr's death, he said with sorrow: 'Sa'id b. Jubayr has died, while all those who are on the earth are in need of his knowledge.'[2]"

Sa'id b. Jubayr was martyred in the month of Sha'bān, in the year 95 A. H. He was then 49 years old.[3] Al-Hajjājj was afraid of murdering Sa'id. He dreamt that he saw him seizing him by the clothes and asking him: "O Enemy of Allah, why did you kill me?" The tyrannical, the criminal (al-Hajjājj) was filled with remorse for murdering him and said: "Why did I kill Sa'id b. Jubayr?"[4] Before him Mu'āwiya b. Hind was also filled with remorse for killing Hijr b. 'Adi, the great Companion (of the Prophet).

80. Sa'id Ibn al-Hārith

al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[5]

81. Sa'id Ibn 'Uthmān

Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[6]

[1] Ibn al-Athir, vol. 4, p. 13.
[2] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 4, p. 12.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Ibn al-Athir, Tārikh, vol. 4, p. 13.
[5] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[6] Ibid.

82. Sa'id Ibn Marjāna

Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him,[1] so did al-Barqi.[2] Ibn Hayyān numbered him as one of the reliable traditionalists, and he said: "He was among the meritorious of Medina. He died in 96 A. H.[3]"

83. Sa'id Ibn al-Marzibān

al-Baqqāl, al-Kūfi, al-A'war, the retainer of Hudhayfa. Abū Dāwud said: "He was the best of the people in reciting (the Qur'ān)." Al-'Aqili said: "He was trustworthy." Ibn 'Ayyna regarded him as weak, other people criticized him.[4] Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[5]

84. Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab

b. Huzn, Abū Mohammed, al-Makhzūmi. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of those who narrated on the authority of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him .[6] The biographers said: "He was one of the world's great figures, and the lord of the leading members of the next generation." Ibn 'Umar said: "If Allah's Apostle saw Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab, he would be pleased with him.[7]" We will mention some of his affairs.

[1] Ibid.
[2] Al-Barqi, Rijāl.
[3] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 4, p. 78.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Shadharāt al-Dhahab, vol. 1, p. 102.

His Scientific Position

He was among the great scholars of his time, and the most knowledgeable of them in the science of the hadith. Makkhūl said: "I traveled all over the land, yet I have found none more knowledgeable than Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab.[1] 'Ali b. al-Madin said: "I think that there was none among the leading members of the next generation more knowledgeable than him.[2]" He was the best of the people in memorizing the rules and judgments of 'Umar. 'Abd Allah b. 'Umar asked about the importance of his span and his affair.[3] Concerning him Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, said: "Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab was the most knowledgeable of all the people in narrating traditions and the most eloquent of them in his time.[4]"

His Wise sayings

Many wise sayings of Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab have been handed down. We have quoted the following:

"Let not the many helpers of the unjust deceive you. Deny them through your hearts, lest your good deeds should come to nothing. When Satan despairs of doing a thing, he does it through women. People honor themselves through obeying Allah, and they dishonor themselves through disobeying Him, the Exalted. Allah's support is sufficient for him who sees his enemy working through disobeying Allah. He who becomes rich through Allah, people become in need of him. The world is low and inclines to the low. He who employs the world unlawfully is lower than it. The noble, the scholars, and the virtuous have defects, hence none of the people should mention them."

[1] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 4, p. 84.
[2] Ibid. p. 84.
[3] Ibid. p. 86. Al-Bidāya wa al-Nihāya, vol. 9, p. 100.
[4] Al-Kashi, Rijāl.

His Magnifying the Imām

Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab honored and magnified Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, and he said: "I have never seen anyone more meritorious than 'Ali b. al-Husayn, and whenever I see him, I detest myself.[1]" In the previous chapters we mentioned some of his words through which he magnified, honored, and admired the Imām, peace be on him.

Differences over his Reliability

The narrators differed over Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab's reliability; a group of them said that he was just and trustworthy, in this they depended on Imām Abi 'Abd Allah al-Sādiq's tradition: "Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab was among the reliable traditionalists of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[2]" In this they also relied on Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab himself, who magnified Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, praised his outstanding merits, and regarded him as the best of all the Muslims in knowledge, piety, and Allah-fearingness, all these things indicate that he had total knowledge of the Imām, that he adopted his Imāmate.

As for those who dispraised Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab, they depended on that he refused to pray over the corpse of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, after his death, but this narration has no chain of narrators (mursala), as professor al-Khū'i said. They also said that he was the most knowledgeable of the people in the traditions of Abū Hurayra and his son-in-law. This cannot be regarded as a right opinion to degrade the importance of Sa'id Ibn al-Musayyab. Professor al-Khū'i said: "The right opinion is that (we) must withhold (from issuing a certain decision) concerning the affair of the man, for the chain of authorities for praising and dispraising (him) is not perfect." Al-Majjlisi did well when he confined himself to narrating the differences over the state of the man without preferring (any opinion).

[1] Al-Ya'qūbi, Tārikh, vol. 3, p. 46.
[2] Usūl al-Kāfi, vol. 1.

85. Salām Ibn al-Mustanir

al-Ju'fi, al-Kūfi. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, and of Imām Abi Ja'far Mohammed al-Bāqir, peace be on him.[1] He (Salām) reported on the authority of Imām al-Bāqir, and Abū Ja'far al-Ahwal narrated on his (Sālam's) authority.[2]

86. Salama Ibn Thubayt

b. Sharit b. Anas, Abū Firās, al-Ashja'i, al-Hamadāni, al-Kūfi. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3]

87. Salama Ibn Dinār

He was given the Kunya of Abā Hāzim, and was surnamed al-'Arajj, al-Afraz, al-Tammār, al-Medani, al-Qās. He was the retainer of al-Aswad b. Sufyān al-Makhzūmi. He narrated on the authority of a group of people of whom were Sahl b. Sa'd al-Sā'idi, Abi 'Umāma b. Sahl, Sa'id b. al-Musayyab, Ibn 'Amrū, and others. Ahmed, Abū Hātam, al-'Ajali and, al-Nisā'i regarded him as trustworthy. Ibn Khuzayma said: "He (Salama) was reliable and none in his time was like him." Ibn Sa'd said: "While he (Salama) was giving legal decisions in the Mosque of Medina, Sulayman b. 'Abd al-Malik sent to him al-Zuhri to summon him, but he said to al-Zuhri: 'As he (Sulaymān) has a need with me, let him come to me. As for me, I have no need with him.'[4]" Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[5]

[1] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[2] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith.
[3] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[4] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 4, p. 144.
[5] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.

88. Salama Ibn Kuhayl

Abū Yahyā al-Hadrami. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1] He was accused of being a great figure of the Batariya concerning whom al-Kashi narrated on the authority of Abi 'Abd Allah al-Sādiq, peace be on him, who said: "If the Batariya (stood) in one line between the east and the west, Allah would not strengthen a religion through them." The Batariya were the companions of Kathir al-Nawā, al-Hasan b. Sālih b. Yahyā, Sālim b. Abi Hafsa, al-Hakam b. 'Utayba, Salama b. Kuhayl, and Abi al-Muqdad Thābit al-Haddād. It was they who summoned (the people) to adopt the leadership of Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, and then they mixed it with that of Abū Bakr and 'Umar to establish their leadership. They hated 'Uthman, Talha, al-Zubayr, and 'Ā'isha. They believed in going out in revolt with the sons of 'Ali b. Abi Tālib to enjoin the good and forbid the evil and to establish the Imāmate of 'Ali's sons, who went out in revolt.[2] Al-Kashi reported on the authority of 'Adhāfir al-Sayrafi, who said: "Al-Hakam b. 'Utayba and I were with Abi Ja'far, peace be on him. Al-Hakam questioned Abū Ja'far, and he answered. They differed over a certain thing, hence Abū Ja'far said to his son: 'My little son, bring out Ali's book.' He took out a rolled up, great book. Abū Ja'far opened the book and looked for the problem until he found it, and then he said to al-Hakam: 'This is the script of 'Ali, peace be on him, and the dictation of Allah's Messenger, may Allah bless him and his Household. Abū Mohammed, you and Salama (b. Kuhayl) go wherever you want, to the right and left. By Allah, you will not find the most reliable knowledge except with those upon whom Gabriel came down.'"[3]

[1] Ibid.
[2] Al-Kashi, Rijāl.
[3] Ibid.

89. Salim Ibn Qays

al-Hilāli, al-'Āmiri, al-Kūfi. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, of the two Imāms al-Hasan and al-Husayn, peace be on him, and of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1] As for al-Barqi, he numbered him as one of the special companions of Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him.[2] He is the author of the famous book, better known, as the 'Book of Salim Ibn Qays'. In it he has mentioned many traditions written in that time. Abān b. 'Ayāsh read the book before Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, and he said: "Allah's mercy be upon Salim, who was truthful. We know such traditions.[3]" Professor al-Khū'i spoke about this book and refuted the accusations concerning it.[4]

90. Salmān Ibn Abi al-Mughira

al-'Absi. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[5]

91. Sulaymān Abū 'Abd Allah

Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[6]

[1] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[2] Al-Barqi, Rijāl.
[3] Al-Kashi, Rijāl.
[4] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith.
[5] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[6] Ibid.

92. Sammāk Ibn Harb

al-Dhahli, Abū al-Mughira. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1] Sammāk reported on the authority of Jābir b. Samra, al-Nu'mān Ibn Bashir, Anas b. Mālik, and others. Ibn 'Adi said: "Sammāk narrated many traditions, Allah willing. He was among the leading members of the next generations, who lived in Kūfa. He was truthful. His traditions are acceptable; there is no harm in them.[2]"

93. Sharhabil Ibn Sa'd

al-Ansāri. He was the retainer of the children of Hanzala. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3] He narrated on the authority of Zayd b. Thābit, Abi Rāfi', Abi Sa'id, al-Hasan b. 'Ali, and others. 'Ukrima narrated on his authority. Ibn al-Medani said: "I asked Sufyān b. 'Ayyna: 'Did Sharhabil b. Sa'd give religious opinions?' He replied: 'Yes. None is more knowledgeable than him in the military campaigns (al-maghāzi) and those who took part in the Battle of Badr (al-Badriyyin)." Ibn Hayyān regarded him as trustworthy, and said: "He died in the year 123.[4]"

94. Shayba Ibn Na'āma

al-Dabbi, al-Basri. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[5]

[1] Ibid.
[2] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 6, pp. 233-234.
[3] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[4] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 6, pp. 233-234.
[5] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.

95. Sālih Ibn Abi Hassān

al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1] He narrated on the authority of 'Abd Allah b. Hanzala al-Rāhib, Sa'id b. al-Musayyab, Abi Salama b. 'Abd al-Rahmān, and 'Abd Allah b. Abi Qattāda. Ibn Abi Dhi'b, Khālid b. al-Yās, and Bukayr b. al-Ashajj narrated on his authority. Ibn Hayyān regarded him as reliable.[2]

96. Sālih Ibn Khouwān

b. Jubayr al-Ansāri, al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3] Sālih narrated on the authority of his father, his uncle, Sahl, and 'Abd Allah. Al-Nisā'i regarded him as trust worthy. Ibn Sa'd said: "Sālih narrated few traditions.[4]"

97. Sālih Ibn Kaysān

al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[5] He was the teacher of the children of 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz. Mas'ab b. al-Zubayr: "The hadith, jurisprudence, and manhood came together in him." Al-Nisā'i regarded him trustworthy. Al-Hākim said: "Sālih b. Kaysān died at the age of more than 160.[6]"

[1] Ibid.
[2] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 4, p. 385.
[3] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[4] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 4, p. 387.
[5] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[6] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 4, p. 399.

98. Safwān Ibn Salim

al-Zuhri, al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1] Ibn Hajar numbered him as one of the jurists, and that he narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar, Abi Basra al-Ghifāri, and others. Concerning him Ahmed said: "This is a man through whose tradition men ask Allah for rain, and rain comes down from the heaven when they mention it." Al-'Ijjli and al-Nisā'i regarded him as trustworthy.[2]

99. Suhayb Abū Hakim

al-Sayrafi, al-Kūfi. He belonged to the leading members of the next generation. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3] He narrated the tradition of the crucifixion of Maytham on the authority of Maytham himself. He was one of the seven persons who carried the coffin of Maythem after he had been crucified.[4]

100. Al-Dahhāk Ibn 'Abd Allah

al-Mashriqi. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[5]

101. Al-Dahhāk Ibn Muzāhim

al-Khurasāni. He was from Kūfa and belonged to the leading members of the next generation. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[6] He narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbās, Abi Hurayra, Abi Sa'd, Zayd b. Arqam, Anas b. Malik, and others. Ibn Ma'in and Abū

[1] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[2] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 4.
[3] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[4] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith, vol. 8
[5] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[6] Ibid.

Zar'a regarded him as trustworthy. He was famous for interpreting the Holy Qur'ān. He died in the year 106 A. H.[1]

102. Tāriq Ibn 'Abd al-Rahmān

al-Ahmasi, al-Kūfi, al-Bajali. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[2] He narrated on the authority of 'Abd Allah b. Abi Awfā, Sa'id b. al-Musayyab, Zayd b. Wahb, Sa'id b. Jubayr, and others. Ibn Ma'in and al-'Ijjli regarded him as trustworthy. Abu Hātam said: "His tradition is written; there is no harm in it. His tradition is similar to that of Mukhāriq." Al-Nisā'i said: "There is no harm in it.[3]"

103. Tāwus Ibn Kaysān

Abū 'Abd al-Rahmān al-Yamāni. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[4] Ibn Hajar said: "He (Tāwus) was a Persian. He inhabited (an area called) al-Jund. It was said that he was the master of Hamadān. It was said that his name was Dhakwān, and his nick-name was Tāwus. He narrated on the authority of the four persons called 'Abd Allah (al-'Abādila al-Arba'a), Abi Hurayra, 'Ā'isha, Zayd b. Thābit, Zayd b. Arqam, and others." Ibn Hayyān said: "He was among the worshipers of the people of the Yemen and the masters of the leading members of the next generation. He performed the hajj forty times. Allah accepted his supplication. He died in the year 101, and it was said other than this (year).[5] He narrated some of the whispered prayers of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, in the Sacred House of Allah. He had conversations with him; we mentioned them in the previous chapters.

[1] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 4.
[2] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[3] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, vol. 5, p. 5
[4] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[5] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib.

104. Talha Ibn 'Amrū

al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1]

105. Talha Ibn al-Nadar

al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[2]

106. Zālim Ibn 'Amrū

He was given the Kunya of Abā al-Aswad al-Du'ali. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3] He was the most brilliant of the scholars of his time. He was the first to establish (Arabic) grammar after Imām 'Ali had taught him its rules and sources. He was among the talented poets. An example of his poetry is the following:

Livelihood is not sought through desiring,
But throw your bucket with the buckets.
You sometimes bring it full and sometimes
You bring mud and little water.

He was among the brilliant eloquent figures. An example of his wonderful words is his advice to his son: "O My little son, when you are with people, talk with them in accordance with your age, and negotiate with them according to your place. Speak not with the speech of those who are superior to you, lest they should find you heavy. Degrade not yourself to those who are inferior to you, lest they should look down upon you. When Allah is generous toward you, lend a helping hand (to men), and when He withholds (generosity) from you, you withhold (generosity). Vie not in generosity with Allah, for He is more generous than you. Know that there is nothing

[1] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.

like moderate livelihood, and glory like knowledge. Kings are rulers over men, and scholars are rulers over kings." Then he composed, saying:

There is no livelihood except when your are moderate,
if you are extravagant and wasteful, you will meet poverty
and damage.
Knowledge is adornment and honor for its owner,
so seek, may you be guided, the techniques of knowledge
and literature.
Knowledge is a treasure and store without exhaustion;
it is the best companion when it makes friends with
someone.
One may gather something and shortly he loses it, hence
he meets abasement and remorse.
The possessor of knowledge is always happy with it;
he is not cautious of escape and loss.
O he who gathers knowledge, the best store you gather
Equal it not to pearls or gold.

He was the best of all the people in showing friendship, sincerity, and love to Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him. Mu'āwiya did his best to turn him away from this but he failed. He (Zālim) died of plague in Basra in the year 69 A.H.[1]

107. 'Āmir Ibn al-Simt

He was given the kunya of Abā Yahyā. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[2] He narrated on the authority of Imām Zayn al-

[1] Al-Kunā wa al-Alqāb, vol. 1, pp. 9-10.
[2] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.

'Ābidin, peace be on him. Safwān al-Jammāl reported on his authority, and he also narrated on the authority of Imām al-Sādiq, peace be on him.[1]

108. 'Āmir Ibn Wā'ila

al-Kināni. He was given the kunya of Abā al-Tufayl. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him and added that he was among the special companions of Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him.[2] He was a talented poet, and an example of his poetry is the following:

They claim that I am an old man and I have lived for
a period,
and they (women leave their) husbands and incline to me.
I have become white-headed not because of the years that
come successively to me, but the happenings have turned
my hair white.

He went out in revolt with al-Mukhtār to demand vengeance for the Lord of martyrs (al-Husayn), saying: "None of the seventy has remained expect me." He composed this line of poetry:

I have remained among the Kināna like the only arrow
which will be thrown or broken.
He always composed this line of poetry:
Certainly, the men of truth will have over people a state
which I hope and expect.

Imām al-Sādiq, peace be on him, recited this line of poetry and said: "By Allah, I am among those who hope and expect." The tyrannical, the criminal (al-Hajjāj) wanted to kill 'Āmir Ibn Wā'ila

[1] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith, vol. 9, p. 198.
[2] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.

because he showed friendship toward the members of the House (ahl al-Bayt) , peace be on them, but he was saved from him, for he had influence upon 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwān.[1]

109. 'Abd al-Ghaffār Ibn al-Qāsim

He was given the kunya of Abā Marym. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[2] Al-Najāshi said: "He narrated on the authority of Abi Ja'far and Abi 'Abd Allah, peace be on them. He was trustworthy. He has a book. A group of our companions has reported the book.[3]"

110. 'Ā'idh al-Ahmasi

b. Habib. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[4]

111. Al-'Abbās Ibn 'isā

He narrated on the authority of 'Ali b. al-Husayn, peace be on him, and al-Fadl b. Sulaymān reported on his authority.[5]

112. 'Abd al-Rahmān Ibn al-Qusayr

Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[6]

[1] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith.
[2] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[3] Al-Najāshi, Rijāl.
[4] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Ibid.

113. 'Abd Allah al-Barqi

Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1]

114. 'Abd Allah Ibn Abi Bukayr

b. 'Amrū b. Hazm al-Ansāri, al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him. 'Abd Allah died in Medina, in the year 126 A. H.[2]

115. 'Abd Allah Ibn Abi Mulayka

al-Makhzūmi. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3]

116. 'Abd Allah Ibn Ja'far

al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[4]

117. 'Abd Allah Ibn Hārith

He narrated on the authority of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him, and his son Ishaq reported on his authority.[5]

118. 'Abd Allah Ibn Dinār

The retainer of 'Umar b. al-Khattāb. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[6]

[1] Ibid.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Ibid.

119. 'Abd Allah Ibn Dhakwān

Abū al-Zanād. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1] Ibn Hajar said: "He was the retainer of Ramla. It was said that he was the retainer of 'Ā'isha, daughter of Shayba b. Rabi'a. It was said that he was the retainer of 'Ā'isha, daughter of 'Uthmān, and it was said that his father was the brother of Abi Lu'lu'a, who killed 'Umar (Ibn al-Khattāb). He narrated on the authority of Anas, 'Ā'isha, daughter of Sa'id, Abi Imāma Sahl b. Hunayf, Sa'id b. al-Musayyab, and others." Ibn al-Medani said: "After the leading members of the next generation, there was none in Medina more knowledgeable than 'Abd Allah, Ibn Shahāb, Yahyā b. Sa'id, and Bukayr b. al-Ashajj." Al-Layth reported on the authority of 'Abd Rabba, who said: "I saw Abā al-Zinād entering the Mosque of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his Household, and followers were with him as those who were with the ruler (sultān)." Ibn Hayyān regarded him as reliable and said: "He was a jurist and had a book." Khalifa and others said: "He died in the year 130 A. H. at the age of sixty-six.[2]"

120. 'Abd Allah Ibn Zubayd

al-Hāshimi. He was (Imām) 'Ali's retainer. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3]

121. 'Abd Allah Ibn Sa'id

b. Abi Hind al-Medani. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[4] Ibn Hajar said: "He narrated on the authority of his father, Abi Imāma b.

[1] Ibid.
[2] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib.
[3] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[4] Ibid.

Sahl b. Hunayf, and Sa'id b. al-Musayyab, and others." Ibn Hayyān regarded him as trustworthy and said that he made mistakes. Ibn Sa'id said: "He was trustworthy, reported many traditions, and died in the year 46 or 47 A. H.[1]"

122. 'Abd Allah Ibn Shabrama

al-Dabbi, al-Kūfi. He was given the Kunya of Abā Shabrama. He was the judge of Abi Ja'far in Kūfa. He was a poet. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[2] He deviated from the members of the House (ahl al-Bayt) , peace be on them, for he depended on analogy in giving religious opinions, and did not refer to the Imāms of guidance, who were the keepers of the knowledge of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family. It was said to Imām Abi Ja'far, peace be on him: "A man married a young slave girl whom his wife nursed, and then his another wife suckled, hence b. Shabrama said: 'The slave girl and his two wives are unlawful for him!' So Abū Ja'far said: 'Ibn Shabrama has made a mistake. The slave girl and his wife who nursed her for the first time are unlawful for him. As for the other wife, she is lawful for him as if she nursed her daughter.'"[3] Ibn al-Mubārak said: "I sat with him ('Abd Allah) for a time but do not narrate on his authority.[4]

123. 'Abd Allah Ibn Shurayk

al-'Āmiri. He was given the kunya of Abā al-Mahjal. He narrated on the authority of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin and Imām Abi Ja'far, peace be on them and had standing with them.[5] In the beginning he was among the companions of al-Mukhtār. Ahmed, Ibn Ma'in, and others regarded him as trustworthy; al-Nisā'i regarded his

[1] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib.
[2] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[3] Furū' al-Kāfi, Chapter on Rare Nursing
[4] Mizān al-I'tidāl, vol. 1, p. 438.
[5] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith.

as weak. Ibn 'Ayyna said: "I sat with 'Abd Allah Ibn Shurayk when he was a hundred years old."

124. 'Abd Allah Ibn 'Atā'

b. Abi Rabāh. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[1] Al-Kulayni reported on the authority of 'Abd Allah b. 'Atā', who said: "Abū 'Abd Allah sent for me. He ordered a mule and a donkey to be saddled for him, and then he asked me: 'Would you like to go with us?' 'Yes,' I replied. Then he asked me: 'Which do you like to ride?' 'The donkey,' I replied. 'The donkey is kinder to me,' he explained, 'I hate that I ride the mule and you ride the donkey.' He rode the donkey and I rode the mule and went away until we went out of Medina. While he was talking to me, he looked at the saddle for a long time, hence I thought that the saddle had hurt or pressed him. Then he raised his head, so I said to him: 'May I be your ransom, I think that the saddle has hurt or pressed you, so will you please ride the mule?' 'No,' he, peace be on him, answered.'"[2]

125. 'Abd Allah Ibn 'Ali

b. al-Husayn b. Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him. Shaykh al-Tūsi numbered him as one of the companions of Imām Zayn al-'Ābidin, peace be on him.[3] Al-Sayyid b. al-Muhannā said: "Abd Allah Ibn 'Ali b. al-Husayn was given the nick-name of al-Bāhir, for he was handsome." They said: "All those who attended his assembly admired his handsomeness." He was in charge of endowment of the Prophet, my Allah bless him and his Household, and of Imām 'Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him. His mother was the mother of his brother Mohammed al-Bāqir, peace be on him. He died at the age of fifty-seven.[4]

[1] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[2] Mu'jam Rijāl al-Hadith.
[3] Al-Tūsi, Rijāl.
[4] 'Umdat al-Tālib.